How to say "sultan, authority" in Arabic
CognateMeaningsultan, authority
Arabic · Modern Standard Arabic
سُلْطَان
sulṭānסלטאן
سلطان
Hebrew · Modern Hebrew
שלטון
shiltonشِلْتُون
How the two words are related
Cognate
Same Semitic root, same meaning — you already know this word.
Arabic root
س-ل-طHebrew root
ש-ל-טשלטון and سلطان share the root ש-ל-ט/س-ل-ط, "to rule, control" — Arabic's own سيطرة saiṭara, "domination," is right in that family too. Israeli slang has borrowed the word straight back: קורא לו סולטן means calling someone a big shot.
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In a phrase
قَصْر السُّلْطَان
qaṣr as-sulṭānקצר א-סלטאןthe sultan's palace
Plural
سَلَاطِين
salāṭīnסלאטיןbroken plural CaCāCīC