How to say "ten" in Arabic

Cognate

Meaningten

Arabic · Modern Standard Arabic

عَشَرَة

ʿasharaעשרה

عشرة

Hebrew · Modern Hebrew

עשרה

asaraأَسَارَا

How the two words are related

Cognate

Same Semitic root, same meaning — you already know this word.

Arabic root

ع-ش-ر

Hebrew root

ע-ש-ר

עשר ↔ ʿashr, letter for letter. The Hebrew ש here was originally sin (שׂ), the sound that regularly shows up as Arabic ش.

How people actually say it in the spoken dialects, where it differs from the standard word.

Moroccan · Morocco — Casablanca, Rabat, Fes

عشْرَة

ʿeshraעשרה

Darija: ʿeshra.

عَشَرَة أَشْخَاص

ʿasharat ashkhāṣעשרת אשח'אץ

ten people

عَشَرَات

ʿasharātעשראת

sound feminine plural -āt; ʿasharāt 'tens of, dozens of' works exactly like Hebrew עשרות.